How vulnerable are undersea cables to attack?

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U.S. and China wage war beneath the waves – over internet cables​

It started out as strictly business: a huge private contract for one of the world’s most advanced undersea fiber-optic cables. It became a trophy in a growing proxy war between the United States and China over technologies that could determine who achieves economic and military dominance for decades to come.

In February, American subsea cable company SubCom LLC began laying a $600-million cable to transport data from Asia to Europe, via Africa and the Middle East, at super-fast speeds over 12,000 miles of fiber running along the seafloor.

That cable is known as South East Asia–Middle East–Western Europe 6, or SeaMeWe-6 for short. It will connect a dozen countries as it snakes its way from Singapore to France, crossing three seas and the Indian Ocean on the way. It is slated to be finished in 2025.

It was a project that slipped through China’s fingers.

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Can the Houthi Sever Global Underwater Cables off their Coast?​

Feb 7, 2024

In this episode, Sal Mercogliano - maritime historian at Campbell University (@campbelledu) and former merchant mariner - discussed reports that the Houthi may be planning to attack submarine cables carrying the world's internet and why it may not be possible. 9 minutes long.



- Submarine Cable Map https://www.submarinecablemap.com/
- Animated map reveals the 550,000 miles of cable hidden under the ocean that power the internet https://youtu.be/DKHZKTRyzeg?si=_o93W...
- Houthis could cut undersea global internet cables, minister warns https://www.businessinsider.com/houth...
- How Britain pioneered cable-cutting in World War One https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe...
 
WSJ

U.S. Fears Undersea Cables Are Vulnerable to Espionage From Chinese Repair Ships​

WASHINGTON—U.S. officials are privately delivering an unusual warning to telecommunications companies: Undersea cables that ferry internet traffic across the Pacific Ocean could be vulnerable to tampering by Chinese repair ships.

State Department officials said a state-controlled Chinese company that helps repair international cables, S.B. Submarine Systems, appeared to be hiding its vessels’ locations from radio and satellite tracking services, which the officials and others said defied easy explanation.

The warnings highlight an overlooked security risk to undersea fiber-optic cables, according to these officials: Silicon Valley giants, such as Google and Meta Platforms, partially own many cables and are investing in more. But they rely on specialized construction and repair companies, including some with foreign ownership that U.S. officials fear could endanger the security of commercial and military data.

The Biden administration’s focus on the repair ships is part of a wide-ranging effort to address China’s maritime activities in the western Pacific. Beijing has taken steps in recent decades to counter U.S. military power in the region, often by seeking ways to stymie the Pentagon’s communications and other technological advantages in case of a clash over Taiwan or another flashpoint, officials say.

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To Secure Undersea Cables, Take Lessons from the British Empire’s All-Red Line​

The British Empire’s worldwide undersea cable telegraph system, known as the All-Red Line, was laid with vulnerabilities to attack from great power adversaries in mind.

July 2024

In the late 19th century, Alfred Thayer Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power upon History: 1660–1783 made a case for the importance of naval power, including a strong merchant marine to shape world events and enable free trade. His arguments have stood the test of time, in part because he also considered the role of technology. For example, he wrote that the then-new technology of submarine telegraph cables altered strategy, at least with respect to blockade.1 As Brent Sadler notes in his insightful book U.S. Naval Power in the 21st Century, Mahan’s work is especially relevant to modern supply chains, distributed manufacturing, and instantaneous global communications via undersea cables.2

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Is Russia Waging War Under the Seas?​

Jul 11, 2024

In 2021, a research cable off the coast of Norway was severed. It may have been accidentally snagged by a fishing vessel, but analysts allege it may be part of a wider pattern of Russian sabotage.


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Finance should pay much more attention to undersea cables risk​

What is the greatest tail risk stalking global finance today? There is a depressingly long list of options: surging debt, volatile rates, geopolitical conflict and/or cyber failures like the one accidentally unleashed by CrowdStrike and Microsoft. But there is another deserving far more debate: underwater sea cables.

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Baltic Sea cables: Does the trail lead to China? | DW News​

Nov 20, 2024 #balticsea #germany #internet

German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius has described the severing of two fiber-optic cables under the Baltic Sea as an act of sabotage. According to media reports, the Danish navy was shadowing a Chinese cargo ship that left the Baltic after the telecommunications cables were cut. Pistorius says the damage appeared deliberate and could represent an act of hybrid warfare.
We speak to Kadri Liik from the European Council on Foreign Relations about who might benefit if this were an act of sabotage.


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